PRIMARY DOCUMENT

A Black Indentured Servant Sues for His Freedom (1675)

ORIGINAL IMAGES
Calendar of Virginia State PapersCalendar of Virginia State PapersMinutes of the Council and General Court
CONTEXT

This letter serves as a petition to Virginia governor Sir William Berkeley and members of the General Court on behalf of Phillip Corven, a black indentured servant who claims to have had his rights violated by his master. Following the petition is an excerpt from the proceedings of the General Court, dated June 16, 1675, in which the judges order that the servant be freed. From the first document to the second, the servant’s name changes from Corven to Gowen, and his master’s from Charles Lucas to Jonathan Lucas. Some spelling has been modernized and contractions expanded.

FULL TEXT
Calendar of Virginia State Papers

To the Right Honorable Sir William Berkeley, Knt., Governor and Capt. Genl of Virginia, with the Hon. Councell of State.

The Petit’on of Phillip Corven, a negro, in all humility showeth:

That your petitioner being a servant to Mrs Annye Beazley, late of James Citty County, widdow, deceased. The said Mrs Beazley made her last will

— page 10 —
Calendar of Virginia State Papers

& testament in writing, under her hand & seal, bearing date, the 9th day of April, An. Dom. 1664, and, amongst other things, did order, will appoint that your petitioner the then name of negro boy Phillip, should serve her cousin, Mr. Humphrey Stafford, the terme of eight yeares, then next ensueing, and then should enjoy his freedome & be paid three barrels of corne & a sute of clothes, as by the said will appears. Soone after the makeing of which will, the said Mrs Beazley departed this life, and your petitioner did continue & and [sic] abide with the said Mr Stafford, (with whome he was ordered by the said will to live) some yeares, and then the said Mr. Stafford sold the remainder of your petitioner time to one Mr. Charles Lucas, with shom your petitioner alsoe continued doeing true & faithfull service; but the said Mr. Lucas, coveting your petitioner’s service longer then of right itt was due, did not att the expiracon of the said eight yeares, discharge your petitioner from his service, but compelled him to serve three yeares longer than the time set by the said Mrs. Beazley’s will, and then not being willing your petitioner should enjoy his freedome, did, contrary to all honesty and good conscience with threats & a high hand, in the time of your peititioner’s service with him, and by his confederacy with some persons compel your petitioner to sett his hand to a writeing, which the said Mr Lucas now saith is an Indenture for twenty yeares, and forced your petitioner to acknowledge the same in the County Court of Warwick.

Now, for that may itt please your Honor, your petitioner, who att the time of the makeing the said forced writing, in the servicee of the said Mr. Lucas, and never discharged from the same, the said Mr Lucas alwaies unjustly pretending that your petitioner was to serve hime three yeares longer, by an order of Court, which is untrue, which pretence of the said Mr. Lucas will appeare to your honors by the testtimony of persons of good creditt.

Your Petitioner therefore most humbly prayeth your honors to order that the said Mr Lucas make him sattisfaccon for the said three yeares service above his time, and pay him corne & clothes, which costs of suite.

And your petitioner (as in duty bound) shall ever pray, &c.

— page 411 —
Minutes of the Council and General Court

Phillip Gowen negro Suing Mr. Jonathan Lucas to this Court for his freedome It is Ordered that the Said Phillip Gowen be free from the Said Mr Lucas his Service and that the Indenture Acknowledg’d in Warwick County County [sic] be Invallid and that the Said Mr Lucas pay unto the Gowen three Barrels of Corne att the Cropp According to the Will of Mrs Amye Boazlye deceased with Costs

FURTHER READING
CITE THIS ENTRY
APA Citation:
General Court. A Black Indentured Servant Sues for His Freedom (1675). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/a-black-indentured-servant-sues-for-his-freedom-1675.
MLA Citation:
General Court. "A Black Indentured Servant Sues for His Freedom (1675)" Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (07 Dec. 2020). Web. 08 Dec. 2023
Last updated: 2020, December 07
Feedback
  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Sponsors