In this second chapter of The Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind, published in 1859, James Lawrence Cabell critiques polygenism, the theory posited by Types of Mankind, written by George Gliddon and Josiah C. Nott, and Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races by Count Arthur de Gobineau. Polygenism argues that human races have different origins. Though Cabell upholds the idea that there is a hierarchy of races, he says he cannot prove anything about the origin of racial differences. Cabell was a race scientist and professor of anatomy, physiology, and surgery at the University of Virginia, the southern center of the eugenics movement in the United States
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