Carrie Buck’s Baby

Alice Dobbs, foster mother of Carrie Buck, holds Buck's infant daughter, Vivian Alice Elaine Buck. This photograph was taken in November 1924 by Arthur H. Estabrook, a eugenics researcher who interviewed Buck and her foster mother and examined the infant several days before he gave testimony in a legal case that resulted in Carrie Buck's forced sterilization. Of the infant he testified, "I gave the child the regular mental test for a child of the age of six months, and judging from her reaction to the tests I gave her, I decided she was below the average."